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Mesothelioma Mesothelioma is a type of cancer correlated with exposure to asbestos an element that occurs naturally. The disease typically develops decades after exposure. Doctors treat mesothelioma by using radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. Treatment can help patients live longer. There are three kinds. The type of cell that forms the tumor and its stage influences the prognosis. What is Mesothelioma? The mesothelioma that is cancerous forms in the mesothelium (a thin layer of tissue that line organs within the body). It is caused by exposure to asbestos, which is a group of fibrous minerals. Asbestos exposure happens when people take in or breathe in stray fibers. The asbestos particles stick to the lining of organs and cause irritation, which leads to tumors. Mesothelioma is detected when doctors study these tumors and then take an x-ray of the tissue, called biopsy. Mesothelioma is classified by type according to the type of cells found in the tumors. The three types are epithelial, biphasic and sarcomatoid mesothelioma. Epithelial mesothelioma has the highest frequent type and accounts for 50% of all diagnoses. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma accounts for 10 percent of cases, and has a less favorable prognosis than epithelial mesothelioma. Biphasic Mesothelioma is a mix of epithelial cells and sarcomatoid. It is responsible for 30-40 percent of all diagnoses. Mesothelioma symptoms include abdominal pain, chest pain and difficulty breathing. These symptoms may be similar to those of other conditions. It is imperative to consult a doctor immediately whenever you notice these symptoms. Treatment for mesothelioma can alleviate symptoms, slow tumour growth and help patients live longer. Treatment options include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. Palliative treatment is available to patients, and helps to manage discomfort and pain. Doctors are still pursuing ways to treat mesothelioma and how it spreads. Immunotherapy is a new treatment that uses your own immune system to fight the cancer. This is an experimental treatment that has shown promise for a few mesothelioma patients. Patients are also able to take part in clinical trials, which are studies on new therapies. Mesothelioma patients are typically treated at cancer centers that have specialized doctors who treat the condition. Diagnosis A mesothelioma diagnosis can be the first step to receive treatment that can extend your life span. Your doctor will examine your symptoms and medical history to determine the type of mesothelioma you have. This information is essential because the three mesothelioma cells respond differently to treatment. The first test your doctor might order is a chest X-ray or CT scan. In this procedure, you lie on an X-ray table while the or CT machine produces a detailed picture of your chest and the organs surrounding it. A small dose of a dye, usually iodine, is typically administered prior the procedure. This makes the tissues in your abdomen or chest lighter and easier to observe. During this period, you might be asked to take an exercise to test your breathing. If these tests reveal the possibility of a cancerous tumor or mass your doctor will likely require a biopsy. A biopsy involves the removal of a sample of the mass or tumor, either surgically or by inserting needles into the area. The specimen is then examined under a microscope to search for mesothelioma cells. In certain cases, our specialists use ultrasound to find lymph nodes that have enlarged, which could be mesothelioma. This procedure is known as endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration or EBNA. It is done on an outpatient basis, which means you can return home the same day. A mesothelioma expert will also need to determine your stage of mesothelioma. The stages are determined based on how far the cancer has spread, and the kind of mesothelioma type you have. A precise diagnosis by a mesothelioma doctor is the best way to make sure that you get the right treatment. somerville mesothelioma lawyer for a patient will depend on how far the disease has advanced and their overall health. Mesothelioma patients usually receive multimodal therapy which is a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. The first step to treating mesothelioma includes an examination and telling your doctor about any asbestos exposure you may have been exposed to in the past. Doctors may also recommend blood tests or imaging scans to look for mesothelioma and to rule out other diseases. These include CT (computerized Tomography) scans, MRI (magnetic-resonance imaging) scans, FDG-PET scans (fluorodeoxyglucose Postron emission Tomography) and mediastinoscopy. The majority of mesothelioma pleural cases can be treated with surgery. A patient may undergo a minimally invasive procedure known as video-assisted surgery (VAT) or a CT-guided needle biopsy. Both surgeries can help reduce symptoms and increase the patient's life expectancy. Chemotherapy makes use of drugs to kill cancer cells and stop them from growing. It is the standard treatment for mesothelioma and can help extend survival. It is administered through intravenous drip (IV) or pill form. Radiation is a different mesothelioma treatment which can kill cancerous cells and shrink tumors. It can be administered at various stages of pleural mesothelioma, and also to ease pain and allow patients to live longer. In the final stages of mesothelioma treatment, doctors focus on controlling symptoms to prolong a patient's lifespan as much as possible. Palliative care is a term used to describe the goal for this type of treatment. Despite the low rate of survival of mesothelioma, there are still many survivors. For example, paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, who was diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma in 1982, lived for an additional 20 years until he passed away from complications of another illness. Symptoms Many patients with mesothelioma experience symptoms for months or years before they are diagnosed. The initial symptoms are similar to those triggered by other conditions and it's easy to overlook or mistake them for minor illnesses. However, if you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it's vital to see your doctor immediately. The organs of your body are wrapped in a tissue layer known as mesothelium. This layer helps keep them from colliding with each and rubbing against each other. Mesothelioma can be described as a cancer that affects mesothelium, the cells that line your organs. The lining around your lungs is the most common area where mesothelioma first appears. However, it can also develop in your heart (pericardium) or abdomen (peritoneum) or the lining around your testicles (tunica vulginalis). The initial signs of mesothelioma are chest pain, fatigue, and breathlessness. Mesothelioma can also cause fluid to accumulate in the lungs and chest wall resulting in the formation of pleural effusion. A pleural effusion can place pressure on the lungs causing coughing and difficulty breathing. Doctors diagnose mesothelioma after taking an individual's medical history before doing an exam. They may request chest X-rays, which can show abnormalities, such as thickening of lung lining or the accumulation of fluid in the chest wall. You can also request an CT scan, MRI or PET scan to take a closer look at your lungs or other tissues. They can also make use of ultrasound-guided needles in order to drain fluid from the pleura and peritoneum. A biopsy can assist in determining the type of mesothelioma cell that is forming the tumor and how it is advancing. This can help doctors determine the most effective treatment options. The three most common types of mesothelioma treatment include radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. The following is a list of precautions. Mesothelioma cannot be prevented However, you can reduce the risk by keeping away from asbestos and from those who suffer from it. Exposure to asbestos can cause lung cancer and other illnesses that affect the lining of specific organs. Many types of mesothelioma exist and some of them are more serious than others. Some types are easier to treat than others. Asbestos is made up of a group minerals with microscopic fibers. Manufacturers used asbestos in industrial and construction products without knowing about its dangers. Workers and veterans in blue collar jobs were particularly exposed to asbestos. Asbestos is now known to be a risk and should not reside in a residence or work in an old plant which has asbestos. Consult your physician about regular screenings if your family has any previous history of exposure to asbestos. X-rays, CT or MRI scanners can detect problems in your abdomen or lungs. A biopsy may reveal an abnormality in the lining of your stomach or chest. Doctors can then analyze the tissue samples from the area to determine whether you suffer from mesothelioma. There is a chance that you have pleural mesothelioma that affects the lungs' lining. Other kinds include pericardial, testicular or peritoneal. It can take years for mesothelioma's development after exposure to asbestos. Even so, it can be difficult to determine. It is often mistakenly diagnosed as a different illness or condition like lung cancer, pneumonia or bronchitis. This could hinder you from receiving the correct treatment. Researchers are working on improving the diagnosis and developing tests to detect mesothelioma sooner. This could lead to better treatment and a greater chance of survival. The study involves using genetic testing to determine those most likely develop mesothelioma.